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Half Essay Example For Students

Half Essay BrainedYour mind has different sides. Also, each has an unmistakably extraordinary path oflooking at the world. Do you underst...

Saturday, May 23, 2020

Politics and Poverty Essay - 1237 Words

Politics and Poverty Today there is a split in American politics on how to combat poverty. Throughout history, how America combats poverty has changed depending on what party is running the government. There has been a number of different parties however, Republican, Democrat, The Bull Moose Party, and other various ones. However, these views can be put into two main categories: The Liberal ideology and the Conservative ideology. There are three areas, which have broad and differing views on how to combat poverty. Those three being, Welfare, Social Security, and Taxes. The following arguments present how those different perspectives affect the poverty issue in America today. Conservative Ideology Conservatives generally go with the†¦show more content†¦In other words, welfare was created to provide help to those who were poverty-stricken and to those who did not have a way to provide for themselves. Welfare History Liberals and conservatives have always had differing views on welfare. Welfare has been a controversial issue that has gone way back in history. From Reagans administration in providing major cutbacks in welfare, to Clintons Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act signed in 1996, which mandated a work-first approach to assistance, established lifetime time limits on aid, and many other events that show us how welfare has been and still is a major issue in America today. Conservative v Liberal Perspectives Conservatives generally believe that the welfare system is broken. Generally, they do not want government intervention or regulation of the economy. They most generally believe reducing social welfare expenditures is the best way to go. Charles Murray, a conservative political analyst suggests that [t]he expansions in public welfare, [†¦], led to disincentives to work, a corruption of values and thus welfare resulted in more welfare (History of Welfare). In other words, welfare has brought even more problems, one of them being, dependency. Dependency is something most conservatives fear. If there is aShow MoreRelatedPoverty Is A Hot Topic On The Current World Of Politics1467 Words   |  6 PagesName and Section Number November 11, 2015 Growing in Poverty Poverty is currently not a hot topic in the current world of politics. Every candidate wants to tackle the upper or the middle class and often forget about those living in poverty. Poverty can affect anyone and effect everyone in our society. One may wonder what poverty is and why poverty is a big issue or does it have a large impact on our societies. Webster’s dictionary defines poverty as the state of one who lacks a usual or sociallyRead More`` City Requiem, Calcutt Gender And The Politics Of Poverty, Volume 10 By Ananya Roy987 Words   |  4 PagesDreaming of Tombstones (133-188): A Summary and Critical Analysis of Gender Issues in â€Å"City Requiem, Calcutta: Gender and the Politics of Poverty, Volume 10† by Ananya Roy In Chapter 4, Roy (2008) defines the lack of city planning for the city of Calcutta as a way to understand the amorphous nature of land boundaries, settlements, and the lives that squatters live in this city. Shah’s story of the dreams of tombstones defines the new ways in which to interpret the hegemonic discourse of rigidRead MoreStudies in Brazil Resulted in Janice Perlmans Book, The Myth of Marginality: Urban Poverty and Politics in Rio de Janeiro915 Words   |  4 PagesMyth of Marginality: Urban Poverty and Politics in Rio de Janeiro, published in 1976. The book extensively disagreed with the negative perspectives of the urban poor that were prevalent at the time. Her first book criticized the attitude accepted by the people against the urban poor for their alleged disability to integrate themselves into the citys job market. Moreover, a key argument was to identify the irony and absurdity behind blaming the victims for their own poverty. In 1999, thirty years laterRead MoreDemocracy By Robert Dahl : Democracy1518 Words   |  7 Pagespolitical systems and argues for the influence of citizens in politics and the protection of rights (Dahl, 1998, p. 44). Democracy can be found through many political systems around the world particularly in first world countries such as Canada and the United States of America. Fortunately the notions of democracy can also be found in some developing countries such as India.  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Although democratic views and notions are found throughout Indian politics and its associated practices India does not prove to beRead MoreAnalysis of Gilberto M. Llanto and Marife M. Ballesteros’s Article on Land Reforms in the Philippines1492 Words   |  6 Pages The effects of Land issues to poverty The Philippines has always been an agricultural country. This can be an effect of the country’s tropical weather. According to the World Bank, in 2009, the country has 40% of agricultural land area. The country’s economy has been dependent on agricultural production. The countrys agriculture sector is made up of 4 sub-sectors: farming, fisheries, livestock, and forestry, which together employ 39.8 percent of the labor force and contribute 20 percent ofRead MorePolitics And Politics In The Necklace By Guy De Maupassant707 Words   |  3 PagesEnd of Unit Essay First of all, politics heavily influence this and most all short stories in literature. The way that everyone acts can be traced back to politics and, of course, they make Mathilde act the way she does as well in â€Å"The Necklace†. Guy de Maupassant, the author of this short story, makes Mathilde, the main character, attempt to hide her true self by masking her true social class with a necklace that appears fabulously wealthy. When they are invited to a fancy ball for the nightRead MorePoverty and Destitution1299 Words   |  6 PagesDefining Poverty Poverty has been defined in many different ways. Some attempt to reduce it to numbers, while others believe that a more vague definition must be used. In the end, a combination of both methods is best. DiNitto and Cummins (2007), in their book â€Å"Social Welfare, Politics and Public Policy,† present six definitions and explanations of poverty. Social reformers Webb and Webb (1911) present another angle on poverty. Essentially, all definitions are correct, the debate is of whichRead MoreRole of Young Minds in Shaping India’s Path Towards Becoming a Superpower1554 Words   |  7 Pagesnow has a lot of responsibility in making  India  a Super Power.  We have done well in certain aspects; however, we need to go a very long way still. The growth in GDP, growth in Exports, employment opportunities, increase in literacy, reduction in poverty etc. itself cannot make  India  a Super Power.  Many would agree that  India  is rich, but, Indians are poor. We need to manage the growth properly and we need to ensure that all Indians prosper and Human Rights are protected. The increasing gap betweenRead MoreGlobal Poverty And The Dependency Model790 Words   |  4 Pageseconomic regeneration. Studying my Bachelors Politics degree, introduced me to inter-governmental institutions and government functions, which has supplied me with a solid background to infiltrate my study of international development. Throughout the course of my undergraduate studies, I discovered the Global Politics and Solidarity, Cosmopolitanism and Global Justice modules to be the most enlightening, heavily focusing on development issues such as poverty and climate change. For this purpose, my undergraduateRead MoreLiteracy Is A Common Problem Around The World Essay1415 Words   |  6 PagesThe inability to read and write, known as illiteracy, is a common problem around the world, especially in developing countries, and has many unfortunate consequences. Literacy plays a major role in the world, impacting various aspects of society, politics, and the world economy, not to mention individual lives. Literacy provides personal security by giving an individual the means to educate themselves. When a person learns how to read, they gain access to the world’s knowledge. Literacy provides

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

Classical School of Management Theories - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 551 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/21 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: School Essay Scientific Essay Did you like this example? Different School of Management Theories : 1) Classical Theory : One of the first schools of management thought, the classical management theory, was developed during the age of Industrial Revolution during the period from 1900s to mid-1930. During this period the classical theories of organization began to emerge. This theory belief that employees have only economical and physical needs, and their social needs and job-satisfaction either dont exist or are unimportant. Accordingly, this school advocates high specialization of labor, centralized decision making, and profit maximization. This school of thought is made up of two branches : a) classical scientific and b) classical administrative, described as follows : a) Classical Scientific Theory : Frederick Taylor is called as the â€Å"father of scientific management. † It is focused on the main work force involved directly with the production. This method emphasized to ensure productivity of the individual workers by : †¢ Select workers with appropriate abilities for each job †¢ Train workers to carry out the given job efficiently †¢ Support workers by proper planning Provide wage incentive to the workers for increased output With this theory, Time And Motion Studies and Differential Piece Rate Methods are also used to increase the productivity. b) Classical Administrative Theory : Among all well-known contributors, Henry Fayol is called as the most notable contributor to this theory. Administrative theory focused on the total organization It is focused on the administrative aspects of management which directly or indirectly effect productivity of the organisation. He discussed 14 general principles of management. 1. Division of labor. Specialization of labour results in increased productivity. Both managerial and technical work are amenable to specialization. 2. Authority. Authority was defined by Fayol as the right to give orders and the power to exact obedience. It is nee ded to carry out managerial responsibilities. 3. Discipline. Employees must respect the rules that govern the organization. 4. Unity of command. Employees should receive orders from only one superior. 5. Unity of direction. Each group of activities in an organization should be grouped together under one head and one plan. 6. Subordination of individual interests to the general interest The interests of one person should not be placed before the interests of the organization as a whole. 7. Remuneration. Compensation should be based on systematic attempt to reward good performance. 8. Centralization. The degree to which centralization or decentralization should be adopted depends on the specific organization, but managers should retain final responsibility to do the tasks successfully. . Scalar chain. A chain of authority should extend from the top to the bottom of the organization. This chain implements the unity-of-command principle and allows the orderly flow of information. 10. Order. Human and material resources must be in the right place at the right time. 11. Equity. Employees should be treated as equally as possible. 12. Stability of personnel. Successful firms usually had a stable group of employees. 13. Initiative. Employees should have the freedom to take initiative. 14. Esprit de corps. Managers should encourage a sense of unity of effort through harmony of interests. Limitations of Classical Theory : †¢ Workers and unions began to oppose his approach because they feared that working harder or faster would exhaust whatever work was available Causing layoffs. †¢ Critics objected to the speed up condition that placed undue pressure on employees to perform at faster and faster levels. †¢ As a result more workers joined unions and thus reinforced a pattern of suspicious and mistrust that shaded labor relations. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Classical School of Management Theories" essay for you Create order

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Stigma Obesity Free Essays

Laura Mealer 4/11/12 Essay #9 Stigma: Obesity The fat stigma is becoming a global problem according to an article in the New York Times by Tara Parker-Pope. â€Å"Dr. Brewis and her colleagues recently completed a multicountry study intended to give a snapshot of the international zeitgeist about weight and body image,†(NY times). We will write a custom essay sample on Stigma Obesity or any similar topic only for you Order Now ‘The findings were troubling, suggesting that negative perceptions about people who are overweight may soon become the cultural norm in some countries, including places where plumper, larger bodies traditionally have been viewed as attractive,’ according to a new report in the journal Current Anthropology. Dr. Lear, who is studying rising childhood obesity in that country and in Canada, agrees the potential for stigmatization exists. †We know in developed countries that obese people are less successful, less likely to get married, less likely to get promoted,† he said. The researchers elicited answers of true or false to statements with varying degrees of fat stigmatization. The fat-stigma test included statements like, †People are overweight because they are lazy† and †Some people are fated to be obese,†(NY Times). Using mostly in-person interviews, supplemented with questions posed over the Internet, they tested attitudes among 700 people in 10 countries, territories and cities, including American Samoa, Tanzania, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Argentina, New Zealand, Iceland, two sites in Arizona and London. Dr. Brewis said she fully expected high levels of fat stigma to show up in the †Anglosphere† countries, including the United States, England and New Zealand, as well as in body-conscious Argentina. But what she did not expect was how strongly people in the rest of the testing sites expressed negative attitudes about weight. The results, Dr. Brewis said, suggest a surprisingly rapid †globalization of fat stigma. † But what appears to have changed is the level of criticism and blame leveled at people who are overweight. One reason may be that public health campaigns branding obesity as a disease are sometimes perceived as being critical of individuals rather than the environmental and social factors that lead to weight gain. †A public health focus on ‘You can change,’ or ‘This is your fault,’ can be very counterproductive,† he said. †Stigma is serious. ‘ â€Å"Key ideas in the global model of obesity include the notions that obesity is a disease and that fat reflects personal and social failing. In all our samples, some fat stigma is evident, and the global model suggests that the cultural shared idea that fat or obesity is a basis for judging the social and personal qualities of the individual. However, and critically, the shared cultural mod el also suggests the culturally correct perspective that expressing those judgments too obviously or forcefully is not acceptable. (JSTOR) â€Å"In summary, these analyses suggest that norms about fat-as-bad and fat-as-unhealthy are spreading globally and that cultural diversity in conceptions of ideal or acceptable body size appears to be on the decline. Certainly, negative and especially discrediting ideas about fat/obesity are now seemingly much more widespread than a thorough reading of the available ethnographies would suggest. This process of cultural change appears to be happening very quickly, likely representing homogenization in beliefs in this domain just within the last decade or two. This leans us toward the age-old anthropological challenge of better understanding what drives the cultural diffusion of new ideas and feeds their gaining salience. Our findings hint that newer forms of educational media, including global public health campaigns, may be driving this trend. Whatever their source, it is important to understand the dynamics of fat-stigmatizing cultural models because of their potential influence on both physical and social well-being of individuals in a wide range of socioecological contexts. †(JSTOR) How to cite Stigma Obesity, Essay examples

Saturday, May 2, 2020

Meaning Of Life Princeton University Press -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Meaning Of Life Princeton University Press? Answer: Introduction Robert Nozick (Anarchy, Utopia and the state) had offered an experience machine that had the ability to offer the experience' of our choice. He further elaborated that neuropsychologists could fuel the brain of humans so that we would feel and think about such management as if all our experiences were real. This involved choosing various experiences like writing a popular novel, making great friends or even reading a motivating book while at the same time skimming in a tank where electrodes would be attached to our brain. The experience machine would be able to offer a large library of experiences to browse, and keeping in mind that we are encountering how it feels, we would not know that what we were encountering was not a reality. Nozick(1936-2000; Harward University) refuted ethical hedonism (Democritus(DK68 B 188), Aristippus of Cyrene,Aristippus the Younger; 4th century BC. Nozick, through his experience machine', offered a choice for people to imagine a world between everyday reality and an apparently preferable reality based on simulation. Robert Nozick has suggested that instead of merely having an experience of doing certain things, we would want to implement them in the current scenario. We want to be certain people and hence plugging into the experience machine would be a kind of suicide, limiting us to a human created reality, while using the experience machine. Nozick further argued that if pleasure had been the matter of concern for humans, then they would enter into the experience machine. Consequently, there are other factors, which are to be considered other than satisfaction. According to Robert Nozick, many important ingredients' remain to be missing from our lives. Nozick claims, There is som ething other than the pleasure that has value and thereby increases our well-being, as a result, hedonism is defeated. I totally agree with Nozicks view that there are things that we humans value above our own pleasure and that seeking pleasure for the sake of pleasure abandons us lacking something imperative or important. Besides, having an unrestrained choice is all baloney since its experience predetermined and unreal. The principal law of the universe is evolving/change. The natural order of our world has taught us that the species that do not evolve perish and hence end up becoming extinct. This leaves us with the question- How are we supposed to evolve hooked to electrodes, under simulation, inside an experience machine'. In further understanding the fallacy behind the proposed experience machine', how about we take a stab at assessing what 'encounter' is to us. It is not evident that there is any such simply given 'inexperience'. That is, all experience seems to interpret and therefore bound up with various assumptions about whats going on around us at all times. The second challenge with experience is, how might we make sure our thinking from the certainties of experience is sound? According to the theories of philosophy, thought experiments are unreliable methods of doing philosophy. Methods of Ethics (Sidgwick) refer to logical measures by humans to determine what they ought' to do and what is right' for them to do. Ethics instructs us about the rules of our conduct'. In view of the notion regarding what makes life good for the individuals', living that life, it is highly recommended to use the term, well-being, instead of happiness/pleasure. Well-being plays an essential role in any moral theory. Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics supports the claim that well-being is constituted by virtue. For Aristotle, virtue/good-will is not only morally good but also good for the individual. Intuitionism/common morality provides the people with a position for sensible self-love but it does not permit any selfishness with it. Right lead has much less to do with desires and narrow-minded satisfactions. The thing that matters most is duty and virtue. Unlike self-satisfaction, the morals of right and obligation utilize a technique of priority, thinking from the obvious truth. Sidgwick called it, the method of intuition. According to Sidgwick, basic principles of egoism and utilitarianism are both self-evident. That is, self-interest and morality coincide. Utilitarianism is significantly compatible with common moral values. If, given a choice, I would never consider entering the experience machine. Neuroscience (Paul Thagard; University of Waterloo; The Brain and The Meaning of Life) possesses the capability to provide an in-depth understanding of the processing of the human brain. It can also provide a genuine need for relatedness, competence, and autonomy that could be satisfied by the successful pursuit of love, work, and play. Such forms of satisfaction could be helpful in yielding a true meaning of happiness, but even the pursuit would be enough to provide life with a meaning'. psychology research (Sonja Lyubomirskys; How of Happiness) has accredited several habits in which people can help themselves in increasing the happiness in their lives. Happiness is directly proportional to a significant life. Many people have led a meaningful life. They have set great examples for others to follow, but they may not be very happy. Still, they do not want to replace their lives with anything meaningless/illus ory like Nozicks experience machine. Life's most valuable lessons are learned through pain and need and faulty actions and experience machine' would rob us of all the above. I would further try to justify my views on Nozicks experience machine, through Darwinism. The concept of Social Darwinism (Hofstadter), which was proposed by Richard Hofstadter in his book - Social Darwinism in American Thought (1944), has taught us that humans require competition in their lives, for their survival/existence. Nozicks machine is devoid of this element. Darwin in his book The Descent of Man has mentioned that social behaviors such as understanding and moral sentiments (ethics) have evolved over time through a process of natural selection and have resulted in the reinforcement of societies in which they occurred. Herbert Spencer had conceptualized in his essay - The Social Organism (1860) which promoted the belief regarding that the struggle for survival encouraged self-improvement, which could be inherited. Nozick offers the experience-machine to attain desired experience e.g., if I desire to be a successful writer, for me the process of achieving my goal would be as significant, if not more, than success itself. Last but not the least, I would like to end this discussion with a quote by Carl Rogers The good life is a process, not a state of being. It is a direction, not a destination. References Hofstadter, Richard.Social Darwinism in American thought. Vol. 16. Beacon Press, management. Nozick, Robert. "Anarchy, Utopia and the state."New York: Basic Book(1974). Sidgwick, Henry. "The Methods of Ethics (Indianapolis, Hackett, 1981)."Il. il(1874). Thagard, Paul.The brain and the meaning of life.Princeton University Press, 2010.